2 thoughts on “What are the villages and villages in southern Fujian?”
Wesley
The southern Fujian people are a branch of the Fuliang Min Department. They are mainly distributed in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taiwan, and Guangdong Chaoshan, Leizhou, and Hainan Island. The language they refer to is the branch dialect of Fujian dialect called Minnan dialect (Minnan dialect). The secondary dialects of Minnan dialects are also quite complicated into Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Taiwan dialect, Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect. Among them, residents who speak Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect and Taiwan dialect can communicate. Residents who speak Chaoshan, Leizhou, and Hainan dialect cannot speak at all. Minnan -cultural source Cultural blending forms tradition Minnan The building in the ancient city of Quanzhou is called "ride building". This construction pattern is still retained including Zhongshan Road in the 1920s, Tumen Street, and Dongjie after the reconstruction and expansion. In addition to the appearance of the red tiles, the roof of the red tiles, and the outer wall of the southern Fujian building of the southern Fujian building, this type of building is derived from the Nanyang of the Chinese and overseas Chinese residences of Quanzhou. It has become an important part of the traditional local building in Quanzhou. In addition to architecture, Quanzhou also has "Nanyin", "South Opera", and "South Tube", which is attracted by people in Southeast Asia. The general "southern tube" refers to the music of the southern language department of China. However, the southern tube opera preserved in Taiwan today refers to the oldest type of drama in the Minnan language department- "Liyuan Opera". It is passed on to Xiamen, Taiwan, and southern Fujian overseas Chinese through Quanzhou. So far, in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and Quanzhi overseas Chinese settlements, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries all have Nanyin Society organizations. In recent years, Quanzhou has held the "Haizi '(Sea Silk Road) Cultural Festival" during the Lantern Festival every year. This year is the fifth session. The cultural festival has attracted guests and friends at home and abroad with the unique Nanyang cultural characteristics of overseas Chinese. Many overseas Chinese have come to enjoy the "cultural meal", and appreciate the prosperity of the overseas Chinese township of "Cangguan Film, Three Isaine Roads, and Raising Merchants in the Ocean." Among the lanterns and colorful cars of the parade, many programs performed by overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia are always refreshing. The Quanzhou and Southeast Asian regions also have many connections in folk beliefs. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Mazu faith has formed a circle of Mazu beliefs on both sides of the strait and surrounding areas through several immigrants. The incense of the Mazu Palace Temple in Tianhou Palace in Quanzhou has strong incense. There are hundreds of Mazu Palace Temple spread from Fujian to Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other places. The cultural exchanges on both sides of the strait
Zhangzhou is an important ancestral place for Taiwan compatriots. Among the existing population of Taiwan, about 40%of Zhangzhou's ancestors; more than 4,100 Taiwanese compatriots in Zhangzhou, 140,000 people in Taiwan. Since ancient times, Zhangzhou has the accumulation of blood that has a blood -thicker than water and a long history of blood. Over the years, Zhangzhou City has actively carried out various cultural exchange activities with Taiwan based on this, which effectively enhanced the recognition of people on both sides of the strait. It, at least 98 surnames were migrated to Taiwan from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and they played a pivotal role in the development and development of Taiwan. In open historical materials, there are countless Zhangzhou celebrities who go to Taiwan: Haicheng people Yan Siqi kicked off the prelude to Taiwan's large -scale development, and was respected as "Kings Kings"; Zhangpu people Lan Dingyuan proposed many effective governance in Taiwan. The strategic measures are the scholars with the most literatures in Taiwan in history. They are called "bidding to Taiwan"; Horing beauty Lin Pinghou has contributed to the development of the Taipei Plain. In addition, Xie Yan, who was "the ancestor of Taiwan Fine Arts,", Xie Yan, was the such as fighting against foreign aggression, the peaceful "Wufeng Forest Family", and the master of literary master Lin Yutang. For hundreds of years, the Zhangzhou films have crossed the sea and the road is blue. It not only develops a new world for the development and development of Taiwan, but also brings the southern Fujian culture and folk beliefs to Taiwan. Now that Taiwan and Zhangzhou have the same social life reality: the same dwellings, the same diet, the same customs, and the same southern Fujian dialect.
Chen Yuanguang was an important figure in the development of Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. It had a significant impact on Zhangzhou Jianfu and spread the Central Plains culture. At present, there are more than 300 Kaizhang King Chen Yuanguang Temple in Taiwan. Mr. Liao Zhenghao, president of the Chinese Taiwan Business Association, said: "In the depths of our soul, we all regard the" Kaizhang Shengwang "as the protector." Create the brand of "Kaizhang Shengwang Culture" as the leader, drive Yunxiao and Zhangpu Weimei Temple, Longhai Baijiao Tzu Chi Palace, Tancheng Wushu Temple, Confucian Temple, Nanshan Temple, Dongshan Guandi Temple, Pinghe Sanping Temple and other temples. Focusing on the platform of Zhangzhou's communication with Taiwan's folk beliefs, it has made it an important spiritual bond to deepen the affection of the Zhangtai people. On November 15, 2005, Guan Gongdao was invited to exhibit in Taiwan under the escort of the "Zhangzhou Wushu Temple Religious Exchange Group" and a group of 6 people. Since then, this statue has conducted inspections around the island. It has been respected and the incense is strong. There are more than 100 palace temples on the island to welcomes respect. Local media said that the grand event of the emperor's Taiwan tour was unprecedentedly welcomed wherever he went. The hardest to give up is family affection. Zhangzhou has increased the research of culture and other cultures such as "Kaizhang King", which has effectively promoted the recognition of the majority of Taiwan compatriots on "root", "ancestors", and "pulse". Today, tens of thousands of compatriots return to Zhangzhang to find their ancestors every year, or continue their family genealogy. Mujin -custom Stremiae scholars studying Chinese culture, after exploring and thinking, often moved their attention to the eyes of Fujian culture. Among them, the attention of southern Fujian culture is quite high. In the Japanese academic community, scholars who study Chinese culture, Chinese culture, overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese, etc. After engaging in Taiwan and Hong Kong research, when the academic atmosphere allows them to enter here, a considerable number of people turn their attention points to Minnan Cultural Research. Purdue r In historically carrier, Quanzhou in the Yuan Dynasty began to divide the jurisdiction of the institute into the "隅" of the east, south, and west; the Ming Dynasty along the Yuan Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the city was added to the north, and thirty -six "shops" were set up under the Siya, each paving was divided into several "realms". This is the beginning of the words "shop" and "thirty -six shops" often heard today in Quanzhou. Within a day before July 15th, people completed the two contents of sacrifice in front of Muzhu and Ji Pu Du Gong at the gate. Now the fifteenth sacrifice of the ancestors of the old calendar, the old calendar used the "paving" as the unit to take turns to make Purdue day by day. According to the memories of the old people, 36 spreading turns to Purdue began in the late Qing Dynasty. According to the texts of some later generations and the oral narratives of the elderly, the Purdue took turns from the Qing Dynasty. Because of the concentration of sacrifice behavior and the needs of sacrifices, the market in July was tense. People often fight for buying. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the local gentry came forward to determine the Takuang Purdue date of the 36th shop of the city compartment, and the ancestors were still sacrificed in July half. From then on, Licheng District and some related villages have taken turns to Purdue in units. And now in Quanzhou, in the entire old July, there are several corner wheels to Purdue almost every day, but residents in any corner will not be sacrificed by Purdue on July 15th. No matter which shop or corner, the basic structure of Purdue mainly has trilogy -vertical flags, vertical lamps, Purdue, Chong Pu, in addition, there is "ending". The first ceremony began in June of the old calendar. The final ceremony is between August and October of the old calendar. The shop of near the water and the people living by the water will also be "water". XP in the suburbs of Quanzhou is a fishing village. On July 15th, the old calendar "July and Half of July" will go to the ancestral "Grandpa Mom", and July 27 "Pu Sa · Purdue". During the Purdue, he placed alcohol, incense, burning gold, and setting off firecrackers at the door. Be careful not to have seafood with sharp edges of shells, and there is to peel off the shell before cooking. After setting up the sacrifice, "BOYI" should be "boyi". Each of the PSH Village is Purdue in the morning of Purdue to burn incense, worship the vegetables, and "burn gold". In the afternoon, he provided wine and vegetables at the door of the house, and burned the Golden Guizhuang. Mujian Purded and rural areas in the old housing in the city area. They are placed in the patio or on the door or outside the door, and the wine sacrifice and gold are burned. With the increase of many high -rise housing buildings, a problem of a Purdue sacrifice location has been arisen. There are currently three ways to see the households in the case: 1. Sacrifice for the corridor in their own door, and burn gold outside the building; Burn gold outside the building; 3, go down to the open sky on the first floor, set off and burn gold. This is the result of the adjustment of residents between the new living methods and traditional sacrifice behavior. Among the three types of practices, the burning behavior must be done outside the building. This is not only for safety or ventilation, but people's inheritance of traditional consciousness. The sacrifice ceremony is generally starting at four or five in the afternoon. Regardless of whether the urban area or the countryside, the left neighbor and right house always began to make the Purdue ceremony echoing. The reason is that the "in short supply" of the wine and vegetables of the family is not good for Purdue's vitality. If invitation to friends to "eat Pudu" after the sacrifice is also the common feature of Quanzhou urban and rural areas. After dinner after the sacrifice ceremony, in addition to relatives, friends also invited friends to drink. Go to eat at home, just eat it here, and the urging call is called. Increasing urban and rural areas, the lively "Eat Pudu" has become a peak of the entire process of Purdue in the Quanzhou area. Some people say that many households invite many guests to show themselves, and some people say that they are afraid that Purdue will not leave after eating, and calls many people to be brave and can scare Purdue. I think the reason for the latter may be primitive, and the former is a objective effect that is derived. In fact, "Eating Pudu" shows that today's Purdue activities have great social functions. Due to the turns to make Purdue, people have more visiting opportunities and the high degree of freedom to participate in "Eating Pudu". The social circle of Purdue season is greater than the Spring Festival. This is a major feature of Purdue. Ifish dowry Minnan The dowry of southern Fujian people in the wedding, colorful, colorful, some of them, daily use, as well as offerings worshiping ancestors and gods These dowry has its special meaning, which is amazing. And it is divided into a few burdens of one burden! The first burden is a gift to eat. Among the dowry gifts, the heaviest number of gifts is "pig feet in front of the sedan", which should be two to twenty pounds of legs, weighing ten to twenty pounds to display the amount of gifts. Followed by the "Four Fruit", which is composed of rice gum, winter melon strip, rock sugar, tea, etc., it is called "Four Fruit Sweet", which has the meaning of happiness and sweetness. In addition, there are rural self -made sweets, gimmicks and the like, called "crushing houses", which means to build a family and set up a house. The above things should be packed in two bamboo baskets, tied with red cloth or red note to the hall and the new house to worship in order to give birth to noble children. In addition, you have to prepare foods such as meat, noodles, glutinous rice sweet rice, cigarettes, alcohol and other foods. The second burden is the suitcase of clothes. The things you wear will be relatively simple. Now, except for the bride's clothing, it is no longer a lot of clothing. However, in the era of ticket supply, there are eight or ten sets of requirements. At that time, there were commonly known as: "Nylon socks need four doubles, four shirts are really good ..."! It can be seen that the bride's requirements for clothing at the time were tight. Now, although the number of clothes is not particular about the number of clothes, some people have prepared antique red jackets, red skirts, blue cloth gowning shirts, white and yellow bodies (white, yellow cloth, two sets of men and women). By the old age and centenarians used it to reflect the family's kindness and family members of both men and women.
The third bazaar is the most vague in the gift of dowry. It is the offerings preparing to worship the ancestors and the gods. There are roughly large red candlers pairs, fragrant numbers, firecrackers counting, red envelopes (called "room head gifts"), and rice cake snacks and other sacrifices. , Tu Gei. Then put in two sophisticated red baskets, which are called "Red Sheng". In the townships near the Hakka family, there are customs to send insured lamps (kerosene lamps) to the men's family, which is the meaning of getting rich for Timing. The things used most, as large as color TV refrigerators, motorcycles, and small to needle boxes. It is known as "three boxes" than traditional. That is, one must be the jewelry box, which is a small item such as the gold and silver jewelry that the parents dowry accompanied by the dowry of the parents to show that the maiden family is rich. The meaning of women; three need to be cut, red ruler, needle and other items such as scissors, red ruler, and needle threads. It has a good bride's skills and diligent meaning. It the bucket (commonly known as "red -foot barrel"), pillow pillow towel, MAO towel toothbrush, cup tea set, face basin and other daily necessities such as the bucket (commonly known as "red foot barrel"). Specialty, but to this day, many customs have been replaced by modern marriage habits. Mujian-Minnan dialect Minnan But because of southern Fujian as a specific cultural inheritance, its influence is far-reaching. Other affected places also communicate in Minnan Therefore, they also belong to the roots of southern Fujian, and we can call it Pan -Fujian. The following introduces the formation of the formation of Minnan language: Minnan language is a branch of Minnan. In the Three Kingdoms era in the late Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains broke out, and refugees began to enter Fujian, which caused the language of the original "Baiyue" indigenous nation to change, and gradually formed the initial Fujian language. However, the large -scale entering Fujian of the Han people began in the "scourge of Yongjia". Due to the movement of the Jin Dynasty to the south, a large number of northern Han people entered Fujian, and brought oral voice in the northern century in the 3rd century, that is, the so -called "fifteen sound system systems system "The" Quanzhou language "gradually formed at this time. This in Minnan has a lot of syllables that are not in Mandarin. Therefore, you ca n’t use Mandarin to note the phonetic of southern Fujian dialect. To learn southern Fujian dialect, you need to learn the phonetic method of southern Fujian dialect. This is just like we need to learn Chinese pinyin first. The webpage below is the pronunciation of Taiwan. It is very small from the mainland. If you click on the syllable with mouse, there will be pronunciation. The tone of the Minnan dialect is very different from different counties and cities. At present, it is the tone of Xiamen dialect. Most of the people on the Minnan dialect on Taiwan Island are consistent with Xiamen dialect. There are 8 tones in the southern Fujian dialect. We usually follow this order, which are called the first, second, ..., and 8th. During the Tang Dynasty, Chen Zheng, Chen Yuanguang's father and son brought troops into Fujian Ping, and then reclaimed Zhangzhou, bringing the medium -aged sound of the northern century in the 7th century; in the 10th century, the brothers of the Wang Chao brought the army into the chaos of the Yellow Nest of Min Ping. It was also brought into the old sound of the time. From the above two batches of immigrants, the northern spoken language brought by the evolution has formed the so -called "Zhangzhou language" foundation. The formation of the spread of Minnan in Taiwan and the formation of Heluo dialect Minnan The Northern Song Dynasty, which was set up in the ports of Quanzhou and other ports. Famous Shanggang, which is very convenient to traffic on the foreign sea line. After that, there were many people in the southern Fujian region. They immigrated to overseas (including Taiwan) because of political, economic or other factors, and therefore brought their mother tongue-Minnan. During the late Ming Dynasty, a major drought occurred in southern Fujian. Zheng Zhilong recruited thousands of people to reclaim in Taiwan. Most of them settled in Taiwan, and they also communicated with Taiwan's aborigines (mostly Pingpu). The fusion of blood and language in Taiwan. Since the 16th century, Western European countries have begun various colonial overseas plans. Since 1624, the Netherlands and Spain have occupied South and North Taiwan, especially the Dutch has ruled Taiwan for nearly 40 years. Most of the Han people came from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. Under the long -term miscellaneous places and the Dutch people, the Minnan language brought by immigrants also infiltrated some new language factors. After Zheng Chenggong failed in the late Ming Dynasty, he led the army to capture Taiwan and drive away the Dutch. The Zheng family was born in Nan'an, Quanzhou, and Chen Yonghua, the establishment of the cultural and educational system of the Zheng Dynasty, is also a native of Quanzhou. Most of the military and civilians brought by it were Quanzhou. Therefore, at this time, the Minnan language in Taiwan accounted for the majority of Quanzhou. In 1683, Shi Lang Zhengtai, the Zheng family died, and the Qing court officially ruled Taiwan. The following year, in order to prevent the Zheng's survivors, the Qing court issued a ban on the crossing of the platform and set up strict conditions to restrict the people's crossing. The language of Taiwan also takes Minnan as an absolute advantage. The ban of Yonggan gradually loosened. In 1862, due to the Peony Society Incident, the minister Shen Zhen came to Taiwan to handle the defense, and in the name of "Kaishan Fu Fan" to attract the reclamation of the wild, so it lifted the ban on the crossing of the Crossing Taiwan for nearly 200 years. Essence During the more than 200 years in the Qing court's rule, the number of people from Fujian came to Taiwan, and the language of immigrants spread to Taiwan with its footprint. Is after the Sino -Japanese War of the Sino -Japanese Japanese, the Qing court defeated and ceded Taiwan to Japan. During the Japanese rule of Japan, the "Mandarin" (Japanese) policy was implemented in education. Japanese language has done its best in politics. The traces of Japanese influence found in Luohua. In 1945, the end of World War II, Japan was defeated, and the National Government accepted Taiwan. After the war, a civil war occurred, and the Kuomintang government was defeated. The event, coupled with the "Mandarin" (Beijing language) moved in the future, under its influence, Heluo has added new corpus again. Mujian dialect, also known as He Luo dialect
. The Haro dialect was originally the official words of the Shang Dynasty. The Shang class, who stayed in the Heluo area, was forced to move to Luoyi as a slave worker. The Shang people had to return to Jiangnan and use rich resources to develop industry and commerce, while those who live in the southeast coast form a descendant of the Vietnam people. Or "Ancient Chinese" is the language of the most Chinese. . The birthplace of Minnan is in the Yellow River and Luoshui Basin, commonly known as "He Luo dialect". In order to avoid the war, the surname settled south, settled by the name of the Anonymous River, and named the river "Jinjiang" to show that he was not forgotten that he was the Jin Dynasty. In this way, He Luo dialect has also been brought to Fujian and evolved into three dialects in northern Fujian, Central Fujian and southern Fujian. After immigrating to Taiwan in the southern Fujian, he brought the southern dialect of Minnan to Taiwan. What is unexpected is that the place where He Luo dialect had been speaking no longer said He Luo. Mujian -Minnan dialect Minnan Mujian dialect is one of the eight major dialects in the country. It is divided into five sub -dialects: Zhangzhou dialect areas: Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Yunxiao, Dongshan, Xi'an, Hua'an, Changtai, Pinghe, Nanjing and other counties and cities. Xiamen dialect area: Xiamen, Kinmen, Tongan. Quanzhou dialect area: Quanzhou, Shishi, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Nan'an, Yongchun, Dehua, Anxi and other eight counties and cities. The distribution of Minnan dialect is not only in the southern Fujian region, it has already surpassed the provincial and national borders. The most widely disseminated in the southern dialect of Minfu in other provinces is Taiwan. On the island of Taiwan. Minnan dialect in Quanzhou cavity. According to preliminary investigations, Taichung and Taipei were slightly tangible, and Tainan and Kaohsiung were slightly Zhangzhou cavity. The southern Fujian people moved to Taiwan. It is said that in the Yuan Dynasty, the large -scale migration was in the middle of the 17th century. A large number of southern Fujian people crossed the sea with Zheng Chenggong from the Dutch invaders. For more than 300 years, the southern Fujian people and the Han people eastward in other regions, together with the compatriots of Takayama, developed this treasure island of the motherland. In the common life and struggle, the southern Fujian dialect has always been used as the main communication tool and retained in the mouth of the people of Taiwan. Especially today, the exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan's economy and culture are more closely. The father and brothers of Taiwan continue to find roots, visit relatives, and visit friends in the mainland. In addition to Taiwan Province, Chaoshan, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Jiangsu, Wenzhou, Taizhou and other regions in Guangdong Province, and many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries also use southern Fujian dialects. According to preliminary statistics, this kind of exercise at home and abroad There are nearly 60 million people in dialects. Ifish -diet culture The development and inheritance of southern Fujian cuisine also has a gradual process. It originated from Quanzhou and spread to Zhangzhou, Taiwan, Xiamen and other Minnan cultural circles. After the people of Quanzhou went to the south, due to the frequent communication, the exchanges expanded, and the exchanges of food culture were more closely integrated. In this way, the flavor of southern Fujian cuisine not only affects Zhang, Xiamen, Chaoshan, Taiwan and other regions, but also exported to the majority of Southeast Asia. Many people who travel to Southeast Asia will be surprised to find that the food they eat is the taste of my hometown, and the street snack stalls can also eat oyster fried, flower rolls, and meat dumplings. In recent years, many foreign diets have continued to settle in Quanzhou, and some overseas Chinese have also returned to their hometown to open food shops. Quanzhou people can eat authentic Indonesia, Vietnamese cuisine, Myanmar cuisine, and Singaporean cuisine. Zhangzhou diet
1, oyster fry Introduction: Oyster fry is also called sea oyster fried, which is a sea flavor that Zhangzhou people like very much. The authentic sea oysters are fried with "bead oysters" that are not soaked in the water. After washing, add eggs, shredded pork, starch, garlic white, adjust the monosodium glutamate, fine salt, white wine, etc. , Fry on both sides, put the sauce and coriander after boiling, the fresh fragrance is extremely fragrant.
2, bacon pork Introduction: It uses superior glutinous rice, with shrimp, shiitake mushrooms, eggs and pork pork belly, add spiced powder, etc. Okay, put it in the pot and cook. When eating, unbutton the bamboo leaves and adjust the sand tea sauce or hot sauce.
3, hand grasping noodles Introduction: The hand -grasping noodles are a unique local snack in Zhangzhou, which are directly grasped by hand. It is a round plate that is cooked with butter noodles, and poured with sweet noodle sauce, garlic sauce, miscellaneous vinegar sauce (mixed with ginger, green onion, mixed with vinegar and tomato sauce), peanut butter, sand sauce, sand sauce, sand sauce, sand Tea sauce, chili sauce, mustard sauce, and finally fried tofu dried shredded, roll up and grab it with your hands. Sweet and sour, which makes the spleen and stomach open. This is a cold disk with southern Fujian cuisine, which is quite famous. Quanzhou diet Fujian The home food customs of Quanzhou people, as in most parts of my country, implement three meals three meals a day, noon, and evening. As a supplement to dinner. There are also snacks, but each period and class are different. Take Yongchun County as an example. During the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the official "three meals and three points" (early, noon and late), ten layers of "three meals, two points" (early and late), only when the people are busy, add more "a little bit "(Noon), the poor are hard to take care of three meals and dare not have a snack. The restrictions on the local natural environment, economic conditions and production methods, the diet structure of Quanzhou people has its own local characteristics. The raw materials for the staple food are rice, sweet potato (also known as sweet potato), barley, etc. In Anxi, Yongchun. Dehua and other mainland counties are mainly rice, while coastal counties such as Hui'an, Jinjiang, and Nan'an are mainly sweet potatoes and barley. There are two types of staple foods: dried rice and porridge. They are common in three meals, or they are dilute (noon or at night for dry rice), or two dried and one sparse (at noon and night). Quanzhou people also have a main and non -renewal "two -in -one" way of eating, that is, the vegetables, seafood, meat and other non -staple foods are directly cooked with rice (such as Korean rice rice, red cream mother rice, meat rice, etc. ) And salty porridge (such as peanut kernel porridge, oyster Zhao, duck porridge, etc.), it tastes quite local flavor. Regarding the staple food raw materials of Quanzhou people, there should be a few more sweet potatoes.
, in addition to the staple food for three meals, and making flavor snacks such as potato powder, fries chips, etc., it has also become a spiritual bond to maintain hometown and overseas and overseas travelers. Relatives and friends in my hometown have sweet potato flour in the gifts and visiting relatives. Overseas Chinese return home, and also eat sweet potato porridge and sweet potato soup. The people in Quanzhou Overseas Chinese Township even believed that the sweet potatoes that could grow strongly under the harsh natural conditions had nurtured their traditional virtues and personality of the folks who lived abroad and overseas, and they were diligent and frugal. The foreign country takes root and grows rapidly. Once they have a successful career, when they recall the hard days of the people of their hometown and drinking sweet potato soup, they will also stimulate the patriotic and love township, and actively support the construction of Sangzi. Unexpectedly, sweet potatoes, which are regarded as a vulgar food that is embarrassed, has such a rich internalization. The ordinary people in Quanzhou urban and rural areas are frugal and simple, and they eat light rice. Most of them are their own marinated melon vegetables and cheap fresh vegetables and soy products. Qing Daoguang's "Jinjiang County Chronicle" once recorded that the Wanli Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Tingxiang, said that when he was born, he was full of ears when he was in the old wheat and radish dishes, and it was also indifferent. " Therefore, Quanzhou says that there are "six ruler, dried beans, preserved vegetables, (a house next to insects) (that is, a seafront)" and "Japanese sauce croissance tempeh, do not know the taste of meat all year round". The material living standards for the people of urban and rural people have gradually improved. Today's staple food structure is mainly based on fine grains, and noodle food has also entered dinner. Due to the acceleration of the pace of life, many families use milk, soy milk, wheat milk, nutritional oatmeal and other beverages, with bread, fritters or pastries as breakfast. With the improvement of the people's consumption level, family diet is increasingly nutritious and tasteful. Families with good economic conditions, sometimes they go to the restaurant and restaurant to eat, it is nothing new. Minnan-tourism Zhangzhou Sanping Temple Fujian Sanping Temple is a famous millennium ancient temple in southern Fujian. Nearly 50 kilometers of cultural cities in Zhangzhou. Master Yinzhong was founded more than 1,100 years ago. The total construction area is more than 2,000 square meters. The building complex is divided into two groups: mountain gate, bell and drum tower, monk house, Daxiong Baodian, etc. The front group. Repeatedly destroyed and repeatedly built. The size of the Sanping Temple in front of Fragrant Kainer was rebuilt by the Qing Dynasty. Master Yizhong is called the "San Ping's ancestor" in southern Fujian and overseas folks. The thousand -year ancient temple is commonly known as "three and a half halls". The palace is built on the mountains. It is north to the south, the front is low, and the mountains are surrounded by mountains. The geographical conditions are unique; during the summer season, the south wind jumped over the forest and the bamboo tao, blowing gently, which is cool.
r The Tulou, Fujian, is known as the spectacle of world residential buildings with its long history, strange style, clever construction, and magnificent scale. The earthen buildings in Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an have been famous, but all kinds of earth buildings in southern Fujian are also increasingly attracting people's attention. The earthen houses in southern Fujian are a masterpiece of human architectural culture and a pearl in the treasure trove of the world. Nanjing Tulou is the hardship of the hard -working sweat and wisdom of the people of Nanjing. Its scale, structure, process, function, function, and how many modern architectural experts and scholars are obsessed; its architectural style, civilian customs, and cultural connotation make sociologists sigh. has more than 15,000 Tulou in Nanjing County, of which there are 386 round ancient earthen tower with more than three floors and 1751 squares. These earthen buildings are different in size and different shapes, including circular, square, oval, five phoenix -shaped, semi -moon -shaped, curved ruler -shaped, cross -shape, apron -shaped, convex shape, round front, horseshoe shape, etc., unique shapes, structures, structures, structures Exquisite and extraordinary.
. A earth building is a magical architectural quality; a earth building is a concentrated folk culture; a earth building is a historical testimony of hard work, wisdom and creativity. "Earth Fort -style" residential house: There is a "Earth Fort -style" ancient houses more than 200 years ago in Ludi Village, Mind Town, Anxi County. Its architectural style is similar to the Tulou. Tushu was originally a home of Wu's surname. The wall foundation is more than 2 meters high. It is made of large rocks. The surrounding walls are extremely hard and easy to defend. This design is also used to prevent bandits. Thezhuangtu Building: The Zhuangtu Building of Yilai Laizhuang was built in the Qing Dynasty, located in Yangxian Village, Wuli Street, Yongchun County. According to legend, it was built by the well -known Lin Salt of Yongchun in the Qing Dynasty. There were 10 ancient crickets around it, which was owned by 10 sons. It was the most intact ancient building complex in Yongchun to this day. The Zhuangtu Tower, the inner circle of the outside, is a 7 -meter -high city wall. It is built to prevent bandits and robbers. The inside of the wall is a more typical southern Fujian -style building. The architectural style of northern Fujian and southern Fujian is here. S small "Gunlou": Now, a variety of small earthen buildings of different sizes can still be seen in the southern Fujian countryside. Some are on the side of the ancient puppet, called "Gunlou", or independent, or connected to the whereabouts, all built to prevent bandits and robbers. People use local soil, sand, gravel, wood chips (bamboo slices) to build a single house, with small windows as the mouth, and oblique gun holes.
The southern Fujian people are a branch of the Fuliang Min Department. They are mainly distributed in Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taiwan, and Guangdong Chaoshan, Leizhou, and Hainan Island. The language they refer to is the branch dialect of Fujian dialect called Minnan dialect (Minnan dialect).
The secondary dialects of Minnan dialects are also quite complicated into Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Taiwan dialect, Chaoshan dialect, Leizhou dialect and Hainan dialect. Among them, residents who speak Zhangzhou dialect, Quanzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect and Taiwan dialect can communicate. Residents who speak Chaoshan, Leizhou, and Hainan dialect cannot speak at all.
Minnan -cultural source
Cultural blending forms tradition
Minnan
The building in the ancient city of Quanzhou is called "ride building". This construction pattern is still retained including Zhongshan Road in the 1920s, Tumen Street, and Dongjie after the reconstruction and expansion. In addition to the appearance of the red tiles, the roof of the red tiles, and the outer wall of the southern Fujian building of the southern Fujian building, this type of building is derived from the Nanyang of the Chinese and overseas Chinese residences of Quanzhou. It has become an important part of the traditional local building in Quanzhou.
In addition to architecture, Quanzhou also has "Nanyin", "South Opera", and "South Tube", which is attracted by people in Southeast Asia. The general "southern tube" refers to the music of the southern language department of China. However, the southern tube opera preserved in Taiwan today refers to the oldest type of drama in the Minnan language department- "Liyuan Opera". It is passed on to Xiamen, Taiwan, and southern Fujian overseas Chinese through Quanzhou. So far, in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, and Quanzhi overseas Chinese settlements, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries all have Nanyin Society organizations.
In recent years, Quanzhou has held the "Haizi '(Sea Silk Road) Cultural Festival" during the Lantern Festival every year. This year is the fifth session. The cultural festival has attracted guests and friends at home and abroad with the unique Nanyang cultural characteristics of overseas Chinese. Many overseas Chinese have come to enjoy the "cultural meal", and appreciate the prosperity of the overseas Chinese township of "Cangguan Film, Three Isaine Roads, and Raising Merchants in the Ocean." Among the lanterns and colorful cars of the parade, many programs performed by overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia are always refreshing.
The Quanzhou and Southeast Asian regions also have many connections in folk beliefs. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the Mazu faith has formed a circle of Mazu beliefs on both sides of the strait and surrounding areas through several immigrants. The incense of the Mazu Palace Temple in Tianhou Palace in Quanzhou has strong incense. There are hundreds of Mazu Palace Temple spread from Fujian to Taiwan, Southeast Asia and other places.
The cultural exchanges on both sides of the strait
Zhangzhou is an important ancestral place for Taiwan compatriots. Among the existing population of Taiwan, about 40%of Zhangzhou's ancestors; more than 4,100 Taiwanese compatriots in Zhangzhou, 140,000 people in Taiwan. Since ancient times, Zhangzhou has the accumulation of blood that has a blood -thicker than water and a long history of blood. Over the years, Zhangzhou City has actively carried out various cultural exchange activities with Taiwan based on this, which effectively enhanced the recognition of people on both sides of the strait.
It, at least 98 surnames were migrated to Taiwan from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and they played a pivotal role in the development and development of Taiwan.
In open historical materials, there are countless Zhangzhou celebrities who go to Taiwan: Haicheng people Yan Siqi kicked off the prelude to Taiwan's large -scale development, and was respected as "Kings Kings"; Zhangpu people Lan Dingyuan proposed many effective governance in Taiwan. The strategic measures are the scholars with the most literatures in Taiwan in history. They are called "bidding to Taiwan"; Horing beauty Lin Pinghou has contributed to the development of the Taipei Plain. In addition, Xie Yan, who was "the ancestor of Taiwan Fine Arts,", Xie Yan, was the such as fighting against foreign aggression, the peaceful "Wufeng Forest Family", and the master of literary master Lin Yutang.
For hundreds of years, the Zhangzhou films have crossed the sea and the road is blue. It not only develops a new world for the development and development of Taiwan, but also brings the southern Fujian culture and folk beliefs to Taiwan. Now that Taiwan and Zhangzhou have the same social life reality: the same dwellings, the same diet, the same customs, and the same southern Fujian dialect.
Chen Yuanguang was an important figure in the development of Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty. It had a significant impact on Zhangzhou Jianfu and spread the Central Plains culture. At present, there are more than 300 Kaizhang King Chen Yuanguang Temple in Taiwan. Mr. Liao Zhenghao, president of the Chinese Taiwan Business Association, said: "In the depths of our soul, we all regard the" Kaizhang Shengwang "as the protector."
Create the brand of "Kaizhang Shengwang Culture" as the leader, drive Yunxiao and Zhangpu Weimei Temple, Longhai Baijiao Tzu Chi Palace, Tancheng Wushu Temple, Confucian Temple, Nanshan Temple, Dongshan Guandi Temple, Pinghe Sanping Temple and other temples. Focusing on the platform of Zhangzhou's communication with Taiwan's folk beliefs, it has made it an important spiritual bond to deepen the affection of the Zhangtai people. On November 15, 2005, Guan Gongdao was invited to exhibit in Taiwan under the escort of the "Zhangzhou Wushu Temple Religious Exchange Group" and a group of 6 people. Since then, this statue has conducted inspections around the island. It has been respected and the incense is strong. There are more than 100 palace temples on the island to welcomes respect. Local media said that the grand event of the emperor's Taiwan tour was unprecedentedly welcomed wherever he went.
The hardest to give up is family affection. Zhangzhou has increased the research of culture and other cultures such as "Kaizhang King", which has effectively promoted the recognition of the majority of Taiwan compatriots on "root", "ancestors", and "pulse". Today, tens of thousands of compatriots return to Zhangzhang to find their ancestors every year, or continue their family genealogy.
Mujin -custom
Stremiae scholars studying Chinese culture, after exploring and thinking, often moved their attention to the eyes of Fujian culture. Among them, the attention of southern Fujian culture is quite high. In the Japanese academic community, scholars who study Chinese culture, Chinese culture, overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese, etc. After engaging in Taiwan and Hong Kong research, when the academic atmosphere allows them to enter here, a considerable number of people turn their attention points to Minnan Cultural Research.
Purdue
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In historically carrier, Quanzhou in the Yuan Dynasty began to divide the jurisdiction of the institute into the "隅" of the east, south, and west; the Ming Dynasty along the Yuan Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the city was added to the north, and thirty -six "shops" were set up under the Siya, each paving was divided into several "realms". This is the beginning of the words "shop" and "thirty -six shops" often heard today in Quanzhou. Within a day before July 15th, people completed the two contents of sacrifice in front of Muzhu and Ji Pu Du Gong at the gate. Now the fifteenth sacrifice of the ancestors of the old calendar, the old calendar used the "paving" as the unit to take turns to make Purdue day by day. According to the memories of the old people, 36 spreading turns to Purdue began in the late Qing Dynasty. According to the texts of some later generations and the oral narratives of the elderly, the Purdue took turns from the Qing Dynasty. Because of the concentration of sacrifice behavior and the needs of sacrifices, the market in July was tense. People often fight for buying. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the local gentry came forward to determine the Takuang Purdue date of the 36th shop of the city compartment, and the ancestors were still sacrificed in July half. From then on, Licheng District and some related villages have taken turns to Purdue in units. And now in Quanzhou, in the entire old July, there are several corner wheels to Purdue almost every day, but residents in any corner will not be sacrificed by Purdue on July 15th.
No matter which shop or corner, the basic structure of Purdue mainly has trilogy -vertical flags, vertical lamps, Purdue, Chong Pu, in addition, there is "ending". The first ceremony began in June of the old calendar. The final ceremony is between August and October of the old calendar. The shop of near the water and the people living by the water will also be "water".
XP in the suburbs of Quanzhou is a fishing village. On July 15th, the old calendar "July and Half of July" will go to the ancestral "Grandpa Mom", and July 27 "Pu Sa · Purdue". During the Purdue, he placed alcohol, incense, burning gold, and setting off firecrackers at the door. Be careful not to have seafood with sharp edges of shells, and there is to peel off the shell before cooking. After setting up the sacrifice, "BOYI" should be "boyi". Each of the PSH Village is Purdue in the morning of Purdue to burn incense, worship the vegetables, and "burn gold". In the afternoon, he provided wine and vegetables at the door of the house, and burned the Golden Guizhuang.
Mujian
Purded and rural areas in the old housing in the city area. They are placed in the patio or on the door or outside the door, and the wine sacrifice and gold are burned. With the increase of many high -rise housing buildings, a problem of a Purdue sacrifice location has been arisen. There are currently three ways to see the households in the case:
1. Sacrifice for the corridor in their own door, and burn gold outside the building; Burn gold outside the building;
3, go down to the open sky on the first floor, set off and burn gold.
This is the result of the adjustment of residents between the new living methods and traditional sacrifice behavior. Among the three types of practices, the burning behavior must be done outside the building. This is not only for safety or ventilation, but people's inheritance of traditional consciousness.
The sacrifice ceremony is generally starting at four or five in the afternoon. Regardless of whether the urban area or the countryside, the left neighbor and right house always began to make the Purdue ceremony echoing. The reason is that the "in short supply" of the wine and vegetables of the family is not good for Purdue's vitality.
If invitation to friends to "eat Pudu" after the sacrifice is also the common feature of Quanzhou urban and rural areas. After dinner after the sacrifice ceremony, in addition to relatives, friends also invited friends to drink. Go to eat at home, just eat it here, and the urging call is called. Increasing urban and rural areas, the lively "Eat Pudu" has become a peak of the entire process of Purdue in the Quanzhou area. Some people say that many households invite many guests to show themselves, and some people say that they are afraid that Purdue will not leave after eating, and calls many people to be brave and can scare Purdue. I think the reason for the latter may be primitive, and the former is a objective effect that is derived. In fact, "Eating Pudu" shows that today's Purdue activities have great social functions. Due to the turns to make Purdue, people have more visiting opportunities and the high degree of freedom to participate in "Eating Pudu". The social circle of Purdue season is greater than the Spring Festival. This is a major feature of Purdue.
Ifish dowry
Minnan
The dowry of southern Fujian people in the wedding, colorful, colorful, some of them, daily use, as well as offerings worshiping ancestors and gods These dowry has its special meaning, which is amazing. And it is divided into a few burdens of one burden!
The first burden is a gift to eat. Among the dowry gifts, the heaviest number of gifts is "pig feet in front of the sedan", which should be two to twenty pounds of legs, weighing ten to twenty pounds to display the amount of gifts. Followed by the "Four Fruit", which is composed of rice gum, winter melon strip, rock sugar, tea, etc., it is called "Four Fruit Sweet", which has the meaning of happiness and sweetness. In addition, there are rural self -made sweets, gimmicks and the like, called "crushing houses", which means to build a family and set up a house. The above things should be packed in two bamboo baskets, tied with red cloth or red note to the hall and the new house to worship in order to give birth to noble children. In addition, you have to prepare foods such as meat, noodles, glutinous rice sweet rice, cigarettes, alcohol and other foods.
The second burden is the suitcase of clothes. The things you wear will be relatively simple. Now, except for the bride's clothing, it is no longer a lot of clothing. However, in the era of ticket supply, there are eight or ten sets of requirements. At that time, there were commonly known as: "Nylon socks need four doubles, four shirts are really good ..."! It can be seen that the bride's requirements for clothing at the time were tight. Now, although the number of clothes is not particular about the number of clothes, some people have prepared antique red jackets, red skirts, blue cloth gowning shirts, white and yellow bodies (white, yellow cloth, two sets of men and women). By the old age and centenarians used it to reflect the family's kindness and family members of both men and women.
The third bazaar is the most vague in the gift of dowry. It is the offerings preparing to worship the ancestors and the gods. There are roughly large red candlers pairs, fragrant numbers, firecrackers counting, red envelopes (called "room head gifts"), and rice cake snacks and other sacrifices. , Tu Gei. Then put in two sophisticated red baskets, which are called "Red Sheng". In the townships near the Hakka family, there are customs to send insured lamps (kerosene lamps) to the men's family, which is the meaning of getting rich for Timing.
The things used most, as large as color TV refrigerators, motorcycles, and small to needle boxes. It is known as "three boxes" than traditional. That is, one must be the jewelry box, which is a small item such as the gold and silver jewelry that the parents dowry accompanied by the dowry of the parents to show that the maiden family is rich. The meaning of women; three need to be cut, red ruler, needle and other items such as scissors, red ruler, and needle threads. It has a good bride's skills and diligent meaning.
It the bucket (commonly known as "red -foot barrel"), pillow pillow towel, MAO towel toothbrush, cup tea set, face basin and other daily necessities such as the bucket (commonly known as "red foot barrel"). Specialty, but to this day, many customs have been replaced by modern marriage habits.
Mujian-Minnan dialect
Minnan
But because of southern Fujian as a specific cultural inheritance, its influence is far-reaching. Other affected places also communicate in Minnan Therefore, they also belong to the roots of southern Fujian, and we can call it Pan -Fujian. The following introduces the formation of the formation of Minnan language: Minnan language is a branch of Minnan. In the Three Kingdoms era in the late Han Dynasty in the Han Dynasty, the Central Plains broke out, and refugees began to enter Fujian, which caused the language of the original "Baiyue" indigenous nation to change, and gradually formed the initial Fujian language. However, the large -scale entering Fujian of the Han people began in the "scourge of Yongjia". Due to the movement of the Jin Dynasty to the south, a large number of northern Han people entered Fujian, and brought oral voice in the northern century in the 3rd century, that is, the so -called "fifteen sound system systems system "The" Quanzhou language "gradually formed at this time.
This in Minnan has a lot of syllables that are not in Mandarin. Therefore, you ca n’t use Mandarin to note the phonetic of southern Fujian dialect. To learn southern Fujian dialect, you need to learn the phonetic method of southern Fujian dialect. This is just like we need to learn Chinese pinyin first. The webpage below is the pronunciation of Taiwan. It is very small from the mainland. If you click on the syllable with mouse, there will be pronunciation.
The tone of the Minnan dialect is very different from different counties and cities. At present, it is the tone of Xiamen dialect. Most of the people on the Minnan dialect on Taiwan Island are consistent with Xiamen dialect. There are 8 tones in the southern Fujian dialect. We usually follow this order, which are called the first, second, ..., and 8th.
During the Tang Dynasty, Chen Zheng, Chen Yuanguang's father and son brought troops into Fujian Ping, and then reclaimed Zhangzhou, bringing the medium -aged sound of the northern century in the 7th century; in the 10th century, the brothers of the Wang Chao brought the army into the chaos of the Yellow Nest of Min Ping. It was also brought into the old sound of the time. From the above two batches of immigrants, the northern spoken language brought by the evolution has formed the so -called "Zhangzhou language" foundation.
The formation of the spread of Minnan in Taiwan and the formation of Heluo dialect
Minnan
The Northern Song Dynasty, which was set up in the ports of Quanzhou and other ports. Famous Shanggang, which is very convenient to traffic on the foreign sea line. After that, there were many people in the southern Fujian region. They immigrated to overseas (including Taiwan) because of political, economic or other factors, and therefore brought their mother tongue-Minnan. During the late Ming Dynasty, a major drought occurred in southern Fujian. Zheng Zhilong recruited thousands of people to reclaim in Taiwan. Most of them settled in Taiwan, and they also communicated with Taiwan's aborigines (mostly Pingpu). The fusion of blood and language in Taiwan.
Since the 16th century, Western European countries have begun various colonial overseas plans. Since 1624, the Netherlands and Spain have occupied South and North Taiwan, especially the Dutch has ruled Taiwan for nearly 40 years. Most of the Han people came from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. Under the long -term miscellaneous places and the Dutch people, the Minnan language brought by immigrants also infiltrated some new language factors. After Zheng Chenggong failed in the late Ming Dynasty, he led the army to capture Taiwan and drive away the Dutch. The Zheng family was born in Nan'an, Quanzhou, and Chen Yonghua, the establishment of the cultural and educational system of the Zheng Dynasty, is also a native of Quanzhou. Most of the military and civilians brought by it were Quanzhou. Therefore, at this time, the Minnan language in Taiwan accounted for the majority of Quanzhou.
In 1683, Shi Lang Zhengtai, the Zheng family died, and the Qing court officially ruled Taiwan. The following year, in order to prevent the Zheng's survivors, the Qing court issued a ban on the crossing of the platform and set up strict conditions to restrict the people's crossing. The language of Taiwan also takes Minnan as an absolute advantage. The ban of Yonggan gradually loosened. In 1862, due to the Peony Society Incident, the minister Shen Zhen came to Taiwan to handle the defense, and in the name of "Kaishan Fu Fan" to attract the reclamation of the wild, so it lifted the ban on the crossing of the Crossing Taiwan for nearly 200 years. Essence During the more than 200 years in the Qing court's rule, the number of people from Fujian came to Taiwan, and the language of immigrants spread to Taiwan with its footprint.
Is after the Sino -Japanese War of the Sino -Japanese Japanese, the Qing court defeated and ceded Taiwan to Japan. During the Japanese rule of Japan, the "Mandarin" (Japanese) policy was implemented in education. Japanese language has done its best in politics. The traces of Japanese influence found in Luohua. In 1945, the end of World War II, Japan was defeated, and the National Government accepted Taiwan. After the war, a civil war occurred, and the Kuomintang government was defeated. The event, coupled with the "Mandarin" (Beijing language) moved in the future, under its influence, Heluo has added new corpus again.
Mujian dialect, also known as He Luo dialect
. The Haro dialect was originally the official words of the Shang Dynasty. The Shang class, who stayed in the Heluo area, was forced to move to Luoyi as a slave worker. The Shang people had to return to Jiangnan and use rich resources to develop industry and commerce, while those who live in the southeast coast form a descendant of the Vietnam people. Or "Ancient Chinese" is the language of the most Chinese.
. The birthplace of Minnan is in the Yellow River and Luoshui Basin, commonly known as "He Luo dialect". In order to avoid the war, the surname settled south, settled by the name of the Anonymous River, and named the river "Jinjiang" to show that he was not forgotten that he was the Jin Dynasty. In this way, He Luo dialect has also been brought to Fujian and evolved into three dialects in northern Fujian, Central Fujian and southern Fujian. After immigrating to Taiwan in the southern Fujian, he brought the southern dialect of Minnan to Taiwan. What is unexpected is that the place where He Luo dialect had been speaking no longer said He Luo.
Mujian -Minnan dialect
Minnan
Mujian dialect is one of the eight major dialects in the country. It is divided into five sub -dialects:
Zhangzhou dialect areas: Zhangzhou, Longhai, Zhangpu, Yunxiao, Dongshan, Xi'an, Hua'an, Changtai, Pinghe, Nanjing and other counties and cities.
Xiamen dialect area: Xiamen, Kinmen, Tongan.
Quanzhou dialect area: Quanzhou, Shishi, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Nan'an, Yongchun, Dehua, Anxi and other eight counties and cities.
The distribution of Minnan dialect is not only in the southern Fujian region, it has already surpassed the provincial and national borders. The most widely disseminated in the southern dialect of Minfu in other provinces is Taiwan. On the island of Taiwan. Minnan dialect in Quanzhou cavity. According to preliminary investigations, Taichung and Taipei were slightly tangible, and Tainan and Kaohsiung were slightly Zhangzhou cavity. The southern Fujian people moved to Taiwan. It is said that in the Yuan Dynasty, the large -scale migration was in the middle of the 17th century. A large number of southern Fujian people crossed the sea with Zheng Chenggong from the Dutch invaders. For more than 300 years, the southern Fujian people and the Han people eastward in other regions, together with the compatriots of Takayama, developed this treasure island of the motherland. In the common life and struggle, the southern Fujian dialect has always been used as the main communication tool and retained in the mouth of the people of Taiwan. Especially today, the exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan's economy and culture are more closely. The father and brothers of Taiwan continue to find roots, visit relatives, and visit friends in the mainland.
In addition to Taiwan Province, Chaoshan, Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan Island, Jiangsu, Wenzhou, Taizhou and other regions in Guangdong Province, and many overseas Chinese in Southeast Asian countries also use southern Fujian dialects. According to preliminary statistics, this kind of exercise at home and abroad There are nearly 60 million people in dialects.
Ifish -diet culture
The development and inheritance of southern Fujian cuisine also has a gradual process. It originated from Quanzhou and spread to Zhangzhou, Taiwan, Xiamen and other Minnan cultural circles. After the people of Quanzhou went to the south, due to the frequent communication, the exchanges expanded, and the exchanges of food culture were more closely integrated. In this way, the flavor of southern Fujian cuisine not only affects Zhang, Xiamen, Chaoshan, Taiwan and other regions, but also exported to the majority of Southeast Asia. Many people who travel to Southeast Asia will be surprised to find that the food they eat is the taste of my hometown, and the street snack stalls can also eat oyster fried, flower rolls, and meat dumplings. In recent years, many foreign diets have continued to settle in Quanzhou, and some overseas Chinese have also returned to their hometown to open food shops. Quanzhou people can eat authentic Indonesia, Vietnamese cuisine, Myanmar cuisine, and Singaporean cuisine.
Zhangzhou diet
1, oyster fry
Introduction: Oyster fry is also called sea oyster fried, which is a sea flavor that Zhangzhou people like very much. The authentic sea oysters are fried with "bead oysters" that are not soaked in the water. After washing, add eggs, shredded pork, starch, garlic white, adjust the monosodium glutamate, fine salt, white wine, etc. , Fry on both sides, put the sauce and coriander after boiling, the fresh fragrance is extremely fragrant.
2, bacon pork
Introduction: It uses superior glutinous rice, with shrimp, shiitake mushrooms, eggs and pork pork belly, add spiced powder, etc. Okay, put it in the pot and cook. When eating, unbutton the bamboo leaves and adjust the sand tea sauce or hot sauce.
3, hand grasping noodles
Introduction: The hand -grasping noodles are a unique local snack in Zhangzhou, which are directly grasped by hand. It is a round plate that is cooked with butter noodles, and poured with sweet noodle sauce, garlic sauce, miscellaneous vinegar sauce (mixed with ginger, green onion, mixed with vinegar and tomato sauce), peanut butter, sand sauce, sand sauce, sand sauce, sand Tea sauce, chili sauce, mustard sauce, and finally fried tofu dried shredded, roll up and grab it with your hands. Sweet and sour, which makes the spleen and stomach open. This is a cold disk with southern Fujian cuisine, which is quite famous.
Quanzhou diet
Fujian
The home food customs of Quanzhou people, as in most parts of my country, implement three meals three meals a day, noon, and evening. As a supplement to dinner. There are also snacks, but each period and class are different. Take Yongchun County as an example. During the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the official "three meals and three points" (early, noon and late), ten layers of "three meals, two points" (early and late), only when the people are busy, add more "a little bit "(Noon), the poor are hard to take care of three meals and dare not have a snack.
The restrictions on the local natural environment, economic conditions and production methods, the diet structure of Quanzhou people has its own local characteristics. The raw materials for the staple food are rice, sweet potato (also known as sweet potato), barley, etc. In Anxi, Yongchun. Dehua and other mainland counties are mainly rice, while coastal counties such as Hui'an, Jinjiang, and Nan'an are mainly sweet potatoes and barley. There are two types of staple foods: dried rice and porridge. They are common in three meals, or they are dilute (noon or at night for dry rice), or two dried and one sparse (at noon and night). Quanzhou people also have a main and non -renewal "two -in -one" way of eating, that is, the vegetables, seafood, meat and other non -staple foods are directly cooked with rice (such as Korean rice rice, red cream mother rice, meat rice, etc. ) And salty porridge (such as peanut kernel porridge, oyster Zhao, duck porridge, etc.), it tastes quite local flavor. Regarding the staple food raw materials of Quanzhou people, there should be a few more sweet potatoes.
, in addition to the staple food for three meals, and making flavor snacks such as potato powder, fries chips, etc., it has also become a spiritual bond to maintain hometown and overseas and overseas travelers. Relatives and friends in my hometown have sweet potato flour in the gifts and visiting relatives. Overseas Chinese return home, and also eat sweet potato porridge and sweet potato soup. The people in Quanzhou Overseas Chinese Township even believed that the sweet potatoes that could grow strongly under the harsh natural conditions had nurtured their traditional virtues and personality of the folks who lived abroad and overseas, and they were diligent and frugal. The foreign country takes root and grows rapidly. Once they have a successful career, when they recall the hard days of the people of their hometown and drinking sweet potato soup, they will also stimulate the patriotic and love township, and actively support the construction of Sangzi. Unexpectedly, sweet potatoes, which are regarded as a vulgar food that is embarrassed, has such a rich internalization. The ordinary people in Quanzhou urban and rural areas are frugal and simple, and they eat light rice. Most of them are their own marinated melon vegetables and cheap fresh vegetables and soy products. Qing Daoguang's "Jinjiang County Chronicle" once recorded that the Wanli Jinshi of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Tingxiang, said that when he was born, he was full of ears when he was in the old wheat and radish dishes, and it was also indifferent. " Therefore, Quanzhou says that there are "six ruler, dried beans, preserved vegetables, (a house next to insects) (that is, a seafront)" and "Japanese sauce croissance tempeh, do not know the taste of meat all year round".
The material living standards for the people of urban and rural people have gradually improved. Today's staple food structure is mainly based on fine grains, and noodle food has also entered dinner. Due to the acceleration of the pace of life, many families use milk, soy milk, wheat milk, nutritional oatmeal and other beverages, with bread, fritters or pastries as breakfast. With the improvement of the people's consumption level, family diet is increasingly nutritious and tasteful. Families with good economic conditions, sometimes they go to the restaurant and restaurant to eat, it is nothing new.
Minnan-tourism
Zhangzhou Sanping Temple
Fujian
Sanping Temple is a famous millennium ancient temple in southern Fujian. Nearly 50 kilometers of cultural cities in Zhangzhou. Master Yinzhong was founded more than 1,100 years ago. The total construction area is more than 2,000 square meters. The building complex is divided into two groups: mountain gate, bell and drum tower, monk house, Daxiong Baodian, etc. The front group. Repeatedly destroyed and repeatedly built. The size of the Sanping Temple in front of Fragrant Kainer was rebuilt by the Qing Dynasty. Master Yizhong is called the "San Ping's ancestor" in southern Fujian and overseas folks.
The thousand -year ancient temple is commonly known as "three and a half halls". The palace is built on the mountains. It is north to the south, the front is low, and the mountains are surrounded by mountains. The geographical conditions are unique; during the summer season, the south wind jumped over the forest and the bamboo tao, blowing gently, which is cool.
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The Tulou, Fujian, is known as the spectacle of world residential buildings with its long history, strange style, clever construction, and magnificent scale. The earthen buildings in Yongding, Nanjing and Hua'an have been famous, but all kinds of earth buildings in southern Fujian are also increasingly attracting people's attention. The earthen houses in southern Fujian are a masterpiece of human architectural culture and a pearl in the treasure trove of the world. Nanjing Tulou is the hardship of the hard -working sweat and wisdom of the people of Nanjing. Its scale, structure, process, function, function, and how many modern architectural experts and scholars are obsessed; its architectural style, civilian customs, and cultural connotation make sociologists sigh.
has more than 15,000 Tulou in Nanjing County, of which there are 386 round ancient earthen tower with more than three floors and 1751 squares. These earthen buildings are different in size and different shapes, including circular, square, oval, five phoenix -shaped, semi -moon -shaped, curved ruler -shaped, cross -shape, apron -shaped, convex shape, round front, horseshoe shape, etc., unique shapes, structures, structures, structures Exquisite and extraordinary.
. A earth building is a magical architectural quality; a earth building is a concentrated folk culture; a earth building is a historical testimony of hard work, wisdom and creativity.
"Earth Fort -style" residential house: There is a "Earth Fort -style" ancient houses more than 200 years ago in Ludi Village, Mind Town, Anxi County. Its architectural style is similar to the Tulou. Tushu was originally a home of Wu's surname. The wall foundation is more than 2 meters high. It is made of large rocks. The surrounding walls are extremely hard and easy to defend. This design is also used to prevent bandits.
Thezhuangtu Building: The Zhuangtu Building of Yilai Laizhuang was built in the Qing Dynasty, located in Yangxian Village, Wuli Street, Yongchun County. According to legend, it was built by the well -known Lin Salt of Yongchun in the Qing Dynasty. There were 10 ancient crickets around it, which was owned by 10 sons. It was the most intact ancient building complex in Yongchun to this day. The Zhuangtu Tower, the inner circle of the outside, is a 7 -meter -high city wall. It is built to prevent bandits and robbers. The inside of the wall is a more typical southern Fujian -style building. The architectural style of northern Fujian and southern Fujian is here.
S small "Gunlou": Now, a variety of small earthen buildings of different sizes can still be seen in the southern Fujian countryside. Some are on the side of the ancient puppet, called "Gunlou", or independent, or connected to the whereabouts, all built to prevent bandits and robbers. People use local soil, sand, gravel, wood chips (bamboo slices) to build a single house, with small windows as the mouth, and oblique gun holes.
Speaking of Minnan!